Lowest dl in lte. 2-4 x Rel6) – Reduce cost of backhaul (transmission in UTRAN) • Increased service provisioning – more services at lower cost LTE Cat 1, Cat M1, and NB-IoT each serve distinct IoT connectivity needs. DL-SCH coding process as an example, refer to "Channel Coding Processing for DL SCH/PCH/MCH" (2) Layer Mapping : This is the process where each codeword is mapped to mapped to one or multiple layers. The following table shows the standardized LTE bands and their regional use. Oct 15, 2013 · It is not applied to a non-GBR bearer with no guaranteed bandwidth (UL is for uplink traffic and DL is for downlink traffic). 3-1 and NDL is the downlink EARFCN. 0 (2013-10) For Further Information. 4 microseconds 38. RSRP – The average power received from a single Reference signal, and Its typical range is around -44dbm (good) to -140dbm(bad). It is specially designed for 2G, 3G and 4G applications. From Rel 12, 3GPP defines (support) 256 QAM in Downlink. 7. Not yet deployed are not available (N/A). The relation between EARFCN and the carrier frequency in MHz for the downlink is given by the following equation, where FDL_low and NOffs-DL are given in Table 5. 6,2. If a network has a maximum of 16 RLC retransmissions for downlink, the eNB will send a message 16 times at the RLC layer and if the UE is unable to decode it or send an acknowledgement, the eNB will consider this a RLF. Jun 11, 2016 · Therefore the picture below should explain you on Which channels in DL and UL , power control takes place. RSRP levels for usable signal typically range from about -75 dBm close in to an LTE cell site to -120 dBm at the edge of LTE coverage. 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz. CQI Adjustment Algorithms. Features. 2 Mbps. Feb 5, 2024 · In LTE, there are 16 CQI indexes and 32 MCS indexes. Technical The LTE UL/DL Interference measurement provides a power vs. < LTE-U Band Definition > Following band/frquency mapping table is based on LTE-U Technical Report Coexistence Study for LTE-U SDL V1. The main LTE bands are in bold print. LTE Metrics including RSRP, RSRQ and SINR LTE Cellular Networks. It is a critical metric that directly impacts the user experience and the efficiency of the wireless network. In LTE – as any wireless system – the performance has a direct relationship with the RF conditions at the time. In LTE it's done once per TTI (1 ms) individually for each active user. Type 1 uses Frequency Division Duplexing (uplink and downlink separated by frequency), and TDD Time Division Duplex: A duplexing technique dividing a radio channel in time to allow downlink operation during part of the Jan 2, 2024 · Throughput in LTE (Long-Term Evolution) refers to the actual data transfer rate or the amount of data transmitted over the network in a given time period. IP based flat network Jul 11, 2024 · Each table has 15 modulation/coding rate combinations. For example, CQI distribution counters. MBR (UL/DL) MBR is used for a GBR type bearer, and indicates the maximum bit rate allowed in the LTE network. This article first presents the network infrastructure of the LTE-Advanced, and then provides an in-depth overview of Jun 19, 2021 · The yellow curve (DSS LTE + NR) is the most important one as it presents the total throughput obtained with DSS. to LTE Raj Jain Washington University in Saint Louis DL Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz) 2. Jun 18, 2024 · LTE frequency band and arfcn calculator. Currently carriers use table 2, which can go up to 256QAM, however it has fewer modulation/coding rate combos at lower modulations/coding rates. How often UE has to measure for WCDMA depends on whether Srxlev of the serving Sep 13, 2017 · The UE obtained a higher MCS level, leading to a higher transmission rate, which increased the number of bits per second transferred, thereby enhancing the transmission of DL throughput in the same transmission bandwidth. This page explains the technical differences. We crafted the simple chart below to make it a little easier. Code Rate . RSRP mapping 3GPP TS 36. What to expect ? Almost every time when a new technology comes, what we we hear most frequently would be 'you can download a movie in less than a minuite (in early LTE case)' or 'you can download a movie in a few seconds (in early 5G case)'. LTE Category 9 : 450 Mbps; LTE Category 12 : 1 Gbps; LTE Category 18,19,20 : 1. The same Power Spectral Density (PSD) is used on all DL channels. E-UTRA sampling rates for the background information for this table. Dec 29, 2022 · 256-QAM DL can offer 45 Mbps peak rate higher than 64-QAM in 20 MHz carrier and 2-layer MIMO. 9. One good way to study this kind of thing and get some practical understanding would be to start from the view from the highest level and get deeper into it step by step. It covers LTE QCIs which include QCI-1, QCI-2, QCI-3, QCI-4, QCI-5, QCI-6, QCI-7, QCI-8 and QCI-9 class identifiers. In the lab test in carrier lab which may get real PGW/SGW and some remote server involved, the ping turnaround time would reach around 20~50 ms even in good condition. Moreover, an LTE Cat 1 design is more complex and requires additional components compared to LTE-M and NB-IoT, which significantly impacts the overall cost. Let's get into further details for some of the important parameters. APN-AMBR (UL/DL) Jan 11, 2024 · Although similar to DL throughput, UL throughput has special considerations to take when analyzing performance issues on a network. In Downlink (DL) , There are no counters at the UE side. 4 microseconds for LTE. 1. 1 Data collection. 003 Mbps). Since LTE-M supports higher data rates, an LTE-M device can send more data in less time, which directly reflects on latency. Oct 22, 2017 · Thank you for sharing this insightful article on LTE throughput optimization and the role of PDCCH enhancements in achieving it. Latency. LTE Regular DL MIMO; 5G Core Network Overview; 5G NR Frequency Bands; EPS Session Management At the physical layer in 5G and LTE, typical BLER threshold defined is to be ≤10%. time view of the frame, sub-frames, and slots in an LTE signal. It is a key metric used to evaluate the quality and strength of the received signal in the downlink direction from the eNodeB (Evolved NodeB) to the user equipment (UE), commonly referred to as a mobile device. The breakdown of PDCCH structure and its aggregation layers provided a clear understanding of how scheduling allocations work for PDSCH and PUSCH, making it easier to comprehend the overall optimization process. 211-Table 6. First of all is heavily dependant on the radio conditions. Two types of LTE frame structures are used: • Type 1 is used in LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) and has an overall length of 10 ms with 10 sub-frames and a total of 20 individual slots. 3GPP LTE-A supports two radio frame structures; The ALT1160 is a highly integrated LTE CAT-1 modem that delivers downlink speeds of up to 10 Mbps and low power consumption. LTE DL Frame Structure in Detail . 12-1: OFDM parameters and CPRI Specification 6. Therefore, LTE-M provides significantly lower latency than NB . 133 V8. When LTE was first deployed table 1 was used, which only went up to 64QAM. (1) Coding : This is process where user data (bit stream) go through channel coding process and converted to each codeword. Jan 11, 2024 · Although similar to DL throughput, UL throughput has special considerations to take when analyzing performance issues on a network. Jul 12, 2021 · RSRP / LTE carrier RSSI (in Watts) or RSRQ = 10 log (N) + RSRP – LTE carrier RSSI (in dB) Where N is the number of resource block over the measured bandwidth (see table below) As it happened with RSRP this quantity is also used by the UE to rank cells for cell reselection and handover. So the data rate is 1800 / 71. Feb 20, 2012 · As the long term evolution (LTE) standard comes to an end, 3rd Generation Partnership Project is discussing further evolution of the LTE to meet the international mobile telecommunications advanced requirements, which is referred to as LTE-Advanced (LTE release 10 and beyond). The graphic below shows what approximate values may considered good and bad signal quality scores for various communication wave lengths. Any packets arriving at the bearer after the specified MBR is exceeded will be discarded. Measurement Criteria (From Lower Priority LTE Cell to Higher Priority WCDMA Cell): When LTE cell has lower priority than WCDMA (WCDMA cell priority defined in SIB6 is higher than the serving cell priority), The UE always have to perform measurements on WCDMA cell. 101: 5. there are three times more bits after Turbo encoder than before). DL represents the transmission of data from the eNodeB to the UE, while UL represents the transmission of data from the UE to the eNodeB. To obtain the correct result, it is necessary to enter such important parameters as: mode of 4G LTE network, number of aggregated carriers, number of MIMO layers, Bandwidth, modulation type, and so on. Jul 7, 2017 · Long Term Evolution (LTE), the fastest-growing commercial mobile standard [1, 2], is able to provide unprecedented very high data rate and extremely low latency [], specially in downlink (DL) at the expense of increasing complexity (in detection techniques [], energy efficiency [], cell capacity modeling [], dimensioning [], etc. The eNB adjusts the raw CQI value shared by the UE to find an optimum CQI and this provides a higher spectral efficiency. Doing so increases the redundancy and reduces the spectral efficiency for reliable data transfer. Simply put, the code rate can be defined as the ratio of the data rate that is allocated for a subframe and the maximum data rate that ideally can be allocated in the subframe. The term LTE is typically u Sep 20, 2020 · On the other hand, min DL throughput in L1800 is between 0. Why ? From the signaling message from the same log, this is the section where UE camps on LTE Cell. In most normal use cases, there are enough eNB’s available so even though NB-IoT has better range, LTE-M can just reconnect to another base station. Collection of DL Throughput data was carried out in the urban environment of Najaf province, Iraq, from three mobile network operators. The high sensitivity of DL-9 will be the best candidate for your alternative. LTE Physical Layer Overview. 9 to 0. 211-4. LTE Cat 1 is suitable for medium data rate applications. 0 (2010-03) The reporting range of RSRP is defined from -140 dBm to – 44 dBm with 1 dB resolution. Partial deployments varies from country to country and the details are available at List of LTE networks. Duplex Mode. CEUs also have very low DL throughput during peak hours in the three bands (from 0. Dec 29, 2022 · DL Throughput = (DRB Data Transmitted – Last TTI data) / Time Elapsed where DRB stands for Data Radio Bearer Last TTI with data is an indicator that the data transmitted has finished, and does not add to the user throughput so is normally removed from the equation. 3 (LTE Forum Documents). Dec 26, 2023 · In LTE (Long-Term Evolution) networks, RSRP stands for Reference Signal Received Power. UE Rank Reporting distribution counters and Transmission rank distribution counters, will give you RF information, Oct 29, 2015 · The principle of link adaptation is essential for the development of a radio interface project for efficient packet switching data traffic [1, 2]. e, Carrier Aggragation) you woud need to use the channel number startimg from the number in column N_Offs-DL in RRC Connection Reconfiguration. Ericsson defined throughput (UL or DL) is "the speed at which packets are being transferred by the time the first packet has been scheduled in the air interface". In case of 4G DL, rather than varying power in the Downlink, full power is distributed uniformly over the whole bandwidth. The table below reports some LTE category’s data and shows undoubtedly that LTE Cat 4 represents the best balance between data rate and cost (module cost and implementation cost) for IoT applications requiring higher data rates and global portability. 10 • Reduced cost per bit – Improve spectrum efficiency ( e. Aug 12, 2024 · Below are explanations of these values (and also RSSI in relation to LTE): SINR/SNR – The signal-to-noise ratio of the given signal. Link adaptation in Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems dynamically adjusts the data rate of transmitted information (modulation scheme and channel code rate) to equalize the existing radio channel capacity assigned for each user. Refer to Layer Mapping The smallest value as Ping turnaround time is around 11 ms which can be interpreted as around 5~6 ms one way latency as mentioned in Ping Test in LTE - Test Equipment. 5 Mbps to 1 Mbps at (1 AM, 5 PM) for the number of UEs in a range of 41% to 93% from total UEs recorded in this cluster as in Table 4. ). But is there any correlation between LTE attach and RSRP/RSRQ/SINR drops ? As far as I know of, there would be no correlation. On the other hand, min DL throughput in L1800 is between 0. Downlink Power Control. e. To maintain the BLER under this threshold, gNodeB’s use a link-adaptation algorithm based on the UE’s feedback to signal a lower MCS and coding scheme. So the formula for calculating maximum data rate at physical layer is: (Number of subcarriers X 6) / 71. Data Collector; LTE Gateway Jan 2, 2024 · 3. In other words, it means "The code rate is defined as the ratio between the transport block size and the total number of physical layer bits per subframe tha LTE Quick Guide - LTE stands for Long Term Evolution and it was started as a project in 2004 by telecommunication body known as the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Aug 4, 2023 · Understanding LTE signal strength can be confusing. Jan 18, 2024 · In LTE (Long-Term Evolution) networks, DL (Downlink) and UL (Uplink) refer to the two main directions of data transmission between the base station (eNodeB) and the user equipment (UE). 5 and 1 Mbps at (1 AM, 5 PM) for the number of UEs in a range of 41–93% from total recorded UEs. Notice that the DSS LTE + NR throughput equals the sum of the individual DSS LTE and DSS NR throughputs. 1 Mbps). Radio Induced Call Drops. 1Mbps to 0. g. Improving the utilization of 256-QAM modulation scheme is not easy. Sep 1, 2020 · CEUs also have very low DL throughput during peak hours in the three bands (from 0. Conceptually, there would no problem with understanding the concept itself if you have basic knowledge of modulation and I/Q Constellation. There is a total of 6 different tables as of 3gpp release 15. 2 LTE-A-OFDM DL system and channel model Data is transmitted between one Base Station (BS) and one User Equipment (UE) in the form of packets called radio frames. Radio Frequency (RF) driving test was used to collect the parameters of LTE data at a different route with an average total of 10Km. 2 states 'offsetToPointA for a PCell downlink represents the frequency offset between point A and the lowest subcarrier of the lowest resource block overlapping with the SS/PBCH block used by the UE for initial cell selection, expressed in units of resource blocks assuming 15 kHz subcarrier spacing for FR1 and 60 kHz subcarrier NOTE: Refer to 3GPP 36. This site is for everything on 4G/LTE. 3 Carrier frequency and EARFCN. n1. But all of these values drops at the beginning and increase around the end of this section. LTE QoS Quality of Service, class identifier(QCI), QoS in LTE. There are two types of frame structure in the LTE Long Term Evolution standard, Type 1 and Type 2. It offers moderate power consumption and good coverage using existing LTE networks. A drawback of LTE Cat 1 is that its chipsets cost much more than those for NB-IoT or LTE-M. 14. Please Contact Us for more information on our exciting range of solutions using LTE technology This site is for everything on 4G/LTE. LTE-A – normal CP discussions are presented in Section 4, followed by Section 5 which concludes this paper. Designed specifically for IoT applications, this advanced modem features an on-chip power management unit, Double Data Rate (DDR) memory for optimal performance and speed, and a low-power application layer. Calculator is based on 3GPP communication standards and allows you to calculate the maximum throughput of 4G LTE networks. . Ref: ETSI TS 136 521-1 V11. Usually, the CQI value of below 7 is considered bad and CQI value of around 10 is considered fair. 4. For IoT applications requiring higher data rates, low latency, full mobility, and voice in typical coverage situations, LTE-M is the best LPWA technology choice. But the way we measure DL RF conditions is based on the following which measure interference on the UE side. Low profile structure without a whip; Screw through hole mount; Support 2G, 3G, 4G application bands; Two LTE antennas to improve the communication performance; Applications. If you need to create LTE-U test (i. In the second cluster, max numbers of UEs are recorded at 7 PM as in Table 5. Summary: RSRQ and SINR are key metrics for LTE systems including CableFree LTE-A Infrastructure. The most common drop pegged under Radio issues is the drop due to RLC retransmissions. 2. SAE (System Architecture Evolution) is the corresponding evolution of the GPRS/3G packet core network evolution. The remaining blue (DSS LTE) and red (DSS NR) curves represent the individual throughputs for each technology while using DSS. 36. May 15, 2024 · Until recently, LTE Cat 1 was the lowest-cost 4G cellular technology with global coverage. Feb 5, 2017 · LTE THROUGPUT TROUBLE SHOOTING In this write up we will learn briefly general troubleshooting guidelines for downlink throughput in LTE networks with MIMO 2x2 The general troubleshooting strategy This analysis shows that LTE-M supports a very similar coverage gain compared to other LPWA technologies and thus confirms LTE-M to be a very versatile LPWA technology. F DL_low – F DL_high. This page describes LTE Quality of Service (QoS) basics, and LTE QoS class identifier (QCI). 0 Gbps; 5G/NR . LTE Cat M1 offers lower data rates and power consumption compared to LTE Cat 1. Band 66 : The range 2180-2200 MHz of the DL operating band is restricted to E-UTRA operation when carrier aggregation is configured 注1) LTE Mid、LTE Highについては、 当月 ご 利用 の 通信量 が 合計 で3GBを超えた 場合 、 当月末 までの 通信速度 が 送受信最大 128kbpsとなります。 注2) 最大通信速度 はご 利用 の 端末 によって異なります。 Feb 12, 2015 · Again 1 symbol is of 71. MCS defines the following two aspects: Code rate; Modulation; Code rate In LTE Turbo encoder is used with 1/3 code rate (i. Ø DL RLC Retransmissions . 256 QAM - DL . 06 15 low bit rate voice transmission. 4 = 25. Conversely, a greater distance away from the BS yielded a lower DL throughput. LTE QoS allows both LTE compliant subscribers and services to be May 23, 2024 · This solution provides high data rates with relatively simple integration compared to other MIMO solutions. Aug 14, 2023 · 1. 2 0. vfqwfogthsuvbimwzjqdlmllamtqpxidgetxlguxxeichfhiwa
